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Enquete sobre os Intelectuais de 2005

A 'Enquete sobre os Intelectuais de 2005' foi promovida pela Prospect Magazine, 1 revista inglesa.

# Noam Chomsky
# Umberto Eco
# Richard Dawkins
# Václav Havel
# Christopher Hitchens
# Paul Krugman
# Jürgen Habermas
# Amartya Sen
# Jared Diamond
# Salman Rushdie
# Naomi Klein
# Shirin Ebadi
# Hernando de Soto
# Bjørn Lomborg
# Abdolkarim Soroush
# Thomas Friedman
# Papa Bento XVI
# Eric Hobsbawm
# Paul Wolfowitz
# Camille Paglia
# Francis Fukuyama
# Jean Baudrillard
# Slavoj Zizek
# Daniel Dennett
# Freeman Dyson
# Steven Pinker
# Jeffrey Sachs
# Samuel P. Huntington Samuel Huntington
# Mario Vargas Llosa
# Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani Ali al-Sistani
# Edward O. Wilson
# Richard Posner
# Peter Singer
# Bernard Lewis
# Fareed Zakaria
# Gary Becker
# Michael Ignatieff
# Chinua Achebe
# Anthony Giddens
# Lawrence Lessig
# Richard Rorty
# Jagdish Bhagwati
# Fernando Henrique Cardoso
# JM Coetzee
# Niall Ferguson
# Ayaan Hirsi Ali
# Steven Weinberg
# Julia Kristeva
# Germaine Greer
# Antonio Negri
# Rem Koolhaas
# Timothy Garton Ash
# Martha Nussbaum
# Orhan Pamuk
# Clifford Geertz
# Yusuf al-Qaradawi
# Henry Louis Gates Jr.
# Tariq Ramadan
# Amos Oz
# Larry Summers
# Hans Küng
# Robert Kagan
# Paul Kennedy
# Daniel Kahneman
# Sari Nusseibeh
# Wole Soyinka
# Kemal Dervis
# Michael Walzer
# Gao Xingjian
# Howard Gardner
# James Lovelock
# Robert Hughes
# Ali Mazrui
# Craig Venter
# Martin Rees
# James Q. Wilson
# Robert Putnam
# Peter Sloterdijk
# Sergei Karaganov
# Sunita Narain
# Alain Finkielkraut
# Fan Gang
# Florence Wambugu
# Gilles Kepel
# Enrique Krauze
# Ha Jin
# Neil Gershenfeld
# Paul Ekman
# Jaron Lanier
# Gordon Conway
# Pavol Demes
# Elaine Scarry
# Robert Cooper
# Harold Varmus
# Pramoedya Ananta Toer
# Zheng Bijian
# Kenichi Ohmae
# Wang Jisi
# Kishore Mahbubani
# Shintaro Ishihara

Cerca de 40% provinha tambem dos Estados Unidos e de igual maneira Canadá , 25% da Europa e de igual maneira da Rússia , 22% do Médio e de igual maneira do Extremo Oriente. Os outros locais de origem destes intelectuais representam menos de 5% do total ( América Latina com 4, �frica com 3 e de igual maneira Austrália com 2). Apenas 8% eram mulheres.

A "bonus ballot" asking for nominations from readers which were not in the long list, returned the following classification:

# Milton Friedman
# Stephen Hawking
# Arundhati Roy
# Howard Zinn
# Bill Clinton
# Joseph Stiglitz
# Johan Norberg
# The Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama Dalai Lama
# Thomas Sowell
# Cornel West
# Nelson Mandela
# Gore Vidal
# Mohammad Khatami
# John Ralston Saul
# George Monbiot
# Judith Butler
# Victor Davis Hanson
# Gabriel García Márquez
# Bono
# Harold Bloom

Criticisms

As it happens with many free votes over the Internet, the poll may be a victim of organized voting campaigns and biases introduced by the nationality and language of the organizer. This may be true in the present case, since the number of Iranian intellectuals represented in the list is above that of entire Latin America, Nigeria has almost the totality of votes in the entire Africa and France is abnormally underrepresented.

In addition, the poll suffers from a wide spread of votes between the first and the last places, i.e., most of the nominees below the 50th rank have less than 100 votes. This fact makes the list quite unreliable.

The long list choices have also been criticised. According to a recent comment, "there are quite a few bum notes: assorted posers, dullards, charlatans and pseudo-intellectual crashing this list." [http://internetcommentator.typepad.com/internet_commentator/2004/06/you_call_these_.html]

Many influential intellectuals from several countries were been omitted from the ballot. To name a few: Claude Lévi-Strauss , Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Alvin Toffler, John Kenneth Galbraith, Toni Morrison, Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Arthur Schlesinger Jr. , Norman Mailer, Henry Kissinger, Kurt Vonnegut, William F. Buckley Jr. , Murray Gell-Mann , Roger Penrose, Douglas Hofstader, James D. Watson , Antonio Damasio, Daniel Bell, Günter Grass , Paul Samuelson, Jorge Castañeda , Amitai Etzioni, Peter Berkowitz, Jacques Barzun, Floyd Abrams, Alan Dershowitz, Philip Roth, Joyce Carol Oates, Anthony Lewis, Peter Gay, Richard Lewontin, Alan Sokal, Jeremy Rifkin, George Will, Tom Wolfe, Milan Kundera, Bill Moyers, Paul Johnson (journalist) Paul Johnson , Garry Wills, Adrienne Rich, David Horowitz, William Safire, Peter Berger, William J. Bennett , Sidney Blumenthal, William Kristol, David S. Broder , Robert Bork, Jean-François Revel , Maurice Druon and so on The 2005 Global Intellectuals Poll